The Speed Of Light Can Vary In A Vacuum

photo credit: Glasgow/Heriott-Watt Universities. Reshaped light gets to the finish line slower than that with a plane wave front

Light can change speed, even in a vacuum, a new paper reports. The discovery could change the way we think about one of the constants of the universe.

“Our work highlights that, even in free space, the invariance of the speed of light only applies to plane waves,” the authors conclude. "It is unclear whether the work has any practical applications". "There are no indications to suggest that since light speed can be lowered, it can also be raised or breached for interstellar travel."

"No indications" (?????) .....4th grade level, stark revelations, that light speed can be breached for interstellar travel.....concepts that have been around from the 60s, reflected in the Radius of Curvature chapters in the following links ..... TO WHICH NO CHALLENGE HAS YET BEEN RAISED - except by those who have not read, nor have the slightest concept of the content.

"We can now see that a frequency differential which by the above formula is equal to 9x10(20) ergs per gram also represents the quantity C. When such a frequency differential exists between the observer and the point which he is observing, we again find that the natural laws at the observed point reach zero value with respect to the observer. If the frequency differential exceeds this value, the action of the laws will become negative. A material object such as a spacecraft upon or near the surface of the earth would cease to exist as matter and would enter the plane of energy insofar as the observer on earth was concerned, but as we have previously pointed out, an observer upon or within the object, whose frequency or energy level had been raised to the same degree as that of the craft, would be unable to detect any change. We must clear our minds of the thought block produced by the assumption that the quantity C is a factor of absolute limit. We must realize that it is a limiting factor only with respect to two given reference points, and that it is perfectly possible to conceive of a series of consecutive reference points between each two of which a differential equal to the quantity C may exist."

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Radius of Curvature of all Natural Law:

A Power Point Introductory Presentation[FT1]

From the torus to the yin yang, it is all spin.

Physics: The New Back To The Future Look

Reflecting The Recent Long Duality Road From Plato’s ‘Physics’ (incomplete), to Plato’s sequel ‘Metaphysics’ , to present day Relativity/Quantum, Wave/Particle Tangle .........

Going back further in history, would be too much for the short term memory of modern science